ShareWare OnLine 2/ShareWare OnLine Volume 2 (CMS Software)(1993).iso/educate/7_dayc3.zip/TUTOR.ZIP/CT6.DAT

Text File | 1993-01-08 | 41KB | 937 lines

CLS,1,25,7,0
18,0,15,0,"DAY 6:  ADVANCED DOS COMMANDS AND PROGRAMS"
MAIN,NULL
CLS,1,25,0,1
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,9,1
3,0,3,1,"████    ███   █   █  █  █████       █████  █████  █   █  █  █████   █"
4,0,3,1,"█   █  █   █  ██  █  ▐    █         █   █  █   █  ██  █  █  █       █"
5,0,3,1,"█   █  █   █  █ █ █       █         █████  █████  █ █ █  █  █       █"
6,0,3,1,"█   █  █   █  █  ██       █         █      █   █  █  ██  █  █        "
7,0,3,1,"████    ███   █   █       █         █      █   █  █   █  █  █████   █"
9,8,2,1,"ADVANCED DOS???  OH NO!  That's the reaction we get from most people."
10,8,2,1,"~DOS is difficult enough without getting into the advanced areas!~"
11,8,2,1,"But these ~advanced~ programs and commands give you extra power;"
12,8,2,1,"they will GREATLY simplify your computer use!"
SPACE,1,2
14,0,3,1,"These items are (just so you get them in mind):"
15,12,7,1,"AUTOEXEC.BAT  perform steps AUTOMATICALLY when booting"
16,12,7,1,"CONFIG.SYS    define the computer configuration"
17,12,7,1,"EDLIN.COM     simplified word processor-- EDIT LINES"
18,12,7,1,"BACKUP.COM    Back up your hard disk system to floppy"
19,12,7,1,"RESTORE.COM   Pull backed up information from floppies"
20,12,7,1,"BATCH FILES   Perform often-used steps automatically"
SPACE,1,7
CLS,1,25,0,2
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,9,2
3,8,0,2,"Now RELAX.  These things are not hard to learn.  True, they take"
4,8,0,2,"extreme amounts of mental energy and each single command has multiple"
5,8,0,2,"parts, but hey, what is a little bit of complexity when sheer"
6,8,0,2,"computing POWER is involved?"
SPACE,2,0
8,8,1,2,"So, are you ready?  Well, we'll start anyway.  The first thing we are"
9,8,1,2,"going to discuss is EDLIN.  Edlin is an easy-to-use line editor."
10,8,1,2,"It is ALMOST a word-processor, but not much of one.  The value of"
11,8,1,2,"the EDLIN program is not in it's extensive set of commands (it only"
12,8,1,2,"has 13, and we're only going to discuss 6 of them).  EDLIN is"
13,8,1,2,"valuable due to its ease and speed of use."
SPACE,2,1
15,8,0,2,"Why EDLIN?  Sometimes you need to quickly create a file, or change"
16,8,0,2,"an already existing file.  While COPY CON:FILENAME will let you"
17,8,0,2,"create a file, it will not let you correct mistakes or update an"
18,8,0,2,"old file.  Thus, EDLIN... a ~quick and dirty~ line editor."
SPACE,2,0
CLS,1,25,0,3
3,0,15,3,"█████ ████  █     █ █   █     █████  █  █     █████ █   █ █████ ███████ █████"
4,0,15,3,"█     █   █ █     █ ██  █     █      █  █     █     ██  █ █   █ █  █  █ █    "
5,0,15,3,"████  █   █ █     █ █ █ █     ████   █  █     ████  █ █ █ █████ █  █  █ ████ "
6,0,15,3,"█     █   █ █     █ █  ██     █      █  █     █     █  ██ █   █ █  █  █ █    "
7,0,15,3,"█████ ████  █████ █ █   █     █      █  █████ █████ █   █ █   █ █  █  █ █████"
9,8,0,3,"To use EDLIN, just enter EDLIN and the name of the file you wish to"
10,8,0,3,"edit.  There are 13 EDLIN commands.  Some are in constant use, others"
11,8,0,3,"you will probably NEVER use.  The ones we will cover are:"
SPACE,3,0
13,0,1,3,"A  Append to end of file    "
14,0,1,3,"D  Delete line(s)           "
15,0,1,3,"E  End editing and save file"
16,0,1,3,"I  Insert new lines         "
17,0,1,3,"L  List current lines       "
18,0,1,3,"Q  Quit edit without saving "
SPACE,3,1
CLS,1,25,0,4
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,9,4
3,0,3,4,"A  Append to end of file    "
4,0,3,4,"D  Delete line(s)           "
5,0,3,4,"E  End editing and save file"
6,0,3,4,"I  Insert new lines         "
7,0,3,4,"L  List current lines       "
8,0,3,4,"Q  Quit edit without saving "
10,8,3,4,"Go ahead and use edlin to create a file called EDTEST."
11,8,0,4,"C>"
INPUT,2,11,10,ANY
IF,2,NOT,EDLIN EDTEST,11,40,7,4,"Try:  EDLIN EDTEST"
IF,2,NOT,EDLIN EDTEST,INPUT,2,11,10,EXACT,EDLIN EDTEST
12,8,0,4,"*"
16,8,0,4,"The * shown above means EDLIN is waiting for you to enter your"
17,8,0,4,"instructions.  Two of the EDLIN commands work just by entering"
18,8,0,4,"the specific command.  A (append) and E (end) will both do what they"
19,8,0,4,"are supposed to without any additional instructions.  The Q (quit)"
20,8,0,4,"command asks Abort edit? (Y/N).  If you enter Y then the EDLIN"
21,8,0,4,"session will be stopped without saving the file you have updated."
SPACE,3,0
CLS,1,25,0,5
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,9,5
3,8,7,5,"The remaining three commands work in the same manner.  I (insert),"
4,8,7,5,"L (list) and D (delete) are accompanied by LINE NUMBERS.  What are"
5,8,7,5,"are line numbers?  Each line of text is numbered by the EDLIN"
6,8,7,5,"program.  These numbers are not inserted in the text; they are"
7,8,7,5,"just temporary references for use while in EDLIN.  An example:"
SPACE,5,7
9,8,0,5, "     1: This is the first line of a sample EDLIN file."
10,8,0,5,"     2: This is the second line."
11,8,0,5,"     3: This is the third line."
12,8,0,5,"     4: I wonder how much longer I can get away with this?"
13,8,0,5,"*"
SPACE,5,0
15,8,3,5,"These line numbers are used to direct EDLIN when you wish to edit"
16,8,3,5,"a line or group of lines.  In order to do this, you have to remember"
17,8,3,5,"the layout of EDLIN commands:"
18,8,3,5,"       NUMBER,NUMBER COMMAND."
19,8,0,5,"             │"
20,8,0,5,"(see the comma?)"
SPACE,5,0
CLS,1,25,0,6
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,9,6
3,0,7,6,"NUMBER,NUMBER COMMAND"
5,8,0,6,"These commands are easy to use.  Let's take a look at a few:"
7,12,7,6,"I         Insert lines, beginning with line number 1."
8,12,7,6,"1I        Does the same thing.  Insert starting with line 1."
SPACE,6,7
10,12,7,6,"L        Lists lines 1-23"
11,12,7,6,"1L       Does the same thing; lists lines 1-23"
12,12,7,6,"5,10L    Lists lines 5 through 10"
13,12,7,6,"12L      Lists the next 23 lines, starting with line 12"
SPACE,6,7
15,12,7,6,"5d       Deletes line 5"
16,12,7,6,"5,10d    Deletes lines 5 through 10"
SPACE,7,6
18,8,0,6,"See how these work?  Place the line number(s) first, and the"
19,8,0,6,"command following.  Double line numbers are separated by a comma."
SPACE,6,0
21,8,7,6,"The only other thing you need to remember is ^Z (ctrl Z).  Do you"
22,8,7,6,"remember what that is?  END OF FILE.  That is what we use to STOP"
23,8,7,6,"the INSERT function of EDLIN."
SPACE,6,7
CLS,1,25,3,1
BOX,1,1,6,80,1,13,1
BOX,7,1,25,40,1,10,1
BOX,7,41,25,80,1,12,1
2,8,3,1,"Let's create a test file using the edlin program.  On the left side"
3,8,3,1,"of the screen we will show the computer screen.  On the right side"
4,8,3,1,"we will give you instructions on what to do next.  The plot of the"
5,8,3,1,"story:  we will be starting an address file."
SPACE,1,3
10,43,7,1,"Instruct the computer to use EDLIN"
11,43,7,1,"with the filename ADDRESS."
9,3,7,1,"C>"
INPUT,2,9,5,ANY
IF,2,NOT,EDLIN ADDRESS,15,43,15,1,"TRY: EDLIN ADDRESS"
IF,2,NOT,EDLIN ADDRESS,INPUT,2,9,5,EXACT,EDLIN ADDRESS
10,3,7,1,"*"
10,43,7,1,"                                  "
11,43,7,1,"                                  "
15,43,7,1,"                                  "
10,43,7,1,"Tell EDLIN to insert at line 1."
INPUT,2,10,4,ANY
IF,2,NOT,1I,15,43,15,1,"TRY:  1I"
IF,2,NOT,1I,INPUT,2,10,4,EXACT,1I
11,5,7,1,"1:"
10,43,7,1,"                                  "
11,43,7,1,"                                  "
15,43,7,1,"                                  "
10,43,7,1,"Type in this line:"
11,43,7,1,"DREW SOFTWARE"
INPUT,2,11,7,ANY
IF,2,NOT,DREW SOFTWARE,15,43,15,1,"TRY: DREW SOFTWARE"
IF,2,NOT,DREW SOFTWARE,INPUT,2,11,7,EXACT,DREW SOFTWARE
12,5,7,1,"2:"
10,43,7,1,"                                  "
11,43,7,1,"                                  "
15,43,7,1,"                                  "
10,43,7,1,"Now type this line:"
11,43,7,1,"[phone]"
INPUT,2,12,7,ANY
IF,2,NOT,[phone],15,43,15,1,"TRY: [phone]"
IF,2,NOT,[phone],INPUT,2,12,7,EXACT,[phone]
13,5,7,1,"3:"
10,43,7,1,"                                  "
11,43,7,1,"                                  "
15,43,7,1,"                                  "
10,43,7,1,"Type this line:"
11,43,7,1,"JOPLIN MO 64802"
INPUT,2,13,7,ANY
IF,2,NOT,JOPLIN MO 64802,15,43,15,1,"TRY: JOPLIN MO 64802"
IF,2,NOT,JOPLIN MO 64802,INPUT,2,13,7,EXACT,JOPLIN MO 64802
14,5,7,1,"4:"
10,43,7,1,"                                  "
11,43,7,1,"                                  "
15,43,7,1,"                                  "
10,43,7,1,"Now tell EDLIN you are finished:"
11,43,7,1,"   Enter  ctrl-Z   (^Z)"
INKEY,2,ANY
14,7,7,1,"^Z"
INPUT,2,14,9,ANY
15,3,7,1,"*"
10,43,7,1,"                                  "
11,43,7,1,"                                  "
15,43,7,1,"                                  "
10,43,7,1,"Now let's insert a line at 3:"
INPUT,2,15,4,ANY
IF,2,NOT,3I,15,43,7,1,"TRY:  3I"
IF,2,NOT,3I,INPUT,2,15,4,EXACT,3I
16,5,7,1,"3:"
10,43,7,1,"                                  "
11,43,7,1,"                                  "
15,43,7,1,"                                  "
10,43,7,1,"Enter the new line:"
11,43,7,1,"PO BOX 101"
INPUT,2,16,7,ANY
IF,2,NOT,PO BOX 101,15,43,7,1,"TRY: PO BOX 101"
IF,2,NOT,PO BOX 101,INPUT,2,16,7,EXACT,PO BOX 101
17,5,7,1,"4:"
10,43,7,1,"                                  "
11,43,7,1,"                                  "
15,43,7,1,"                                  "
10,43,7,1,"Good.  End the insertion."
11,43,7,1,"   Enter CTRL Z"
INKEY,2,ANY
17,7,7,1,"^Z"
INPUT,2,17,9,ANY
18,3,7,1,"*"
10,43,7,1,"                                  "
11,43,7,1,"                                  "
15,43,7,1,"                                  "
10,43,7,1,"Let's delete line 2:"
11,43,7,1,"    Enter:  2D"
INPUT,2,18,4,ANY
IF,2,NOT,2D,15,43,15,1,"TRY:  2D"
IF,2,NOT,2D,INPUT,2,18,4,EXACT,2D
19,3,7,1,"*"
10,43,7,1,"                                  "
11,43,7,1,"                                  "
15,43,7,1,"                                  "
10,43,7,1,"Now let's list our file:"
11,43,7,1,"   Enter:   L"
INPUT,2,19,4,ANY
IF,2,NOT,L,15,43,7,1,"TRY:  L"
IF,2,NOT,L,INPUT,2,19,4,EXACT,L
20,5,7,1,"1:DREW SOFTWARE"
21,5,7,1,"2:PO BOX 101"
22,5,7,1,"3:JOPLIN MO  64802"
23,3,7,1,"*"
10,43,7,1,"                                  "
11,43,7,1,"                                  "
15,43,7,1,"                                  "
10,43,7,1,"Now EXIT and SAVE the file:"
11,43,7,1,"   Enter:  E"
INPUT,2,23,4,EXACT,E
10,43,7,1,"                                  "
11,43,7,1,"                                  "
15,43,7,1,"                                  "
15,54,29,1,"VERY GOOD!!!!"
SPACE,1,7
CLS,1,25,3,7
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,9,7
3,0,1,7,"████    ███   █████  █████  █   █        █████  █  █      █████  █████"
4,0,1,7,"█   █  █   █    █    █      █   █        █      █  █      █      █    "
5,0,1,7,"████   █   █    █    █      █████        ████   █  █      ████   █████"
6,0,1,7,"█   █  █████    █    █      █   █        █      █  █      █          █"
7,0,1,7,"████   █   █    █    █████  █   █        █      █  █████  █████  █████"
9,8,5,7,"You often have to perform the same functions over and over again"
10,8,5,7,"when you use computers.  You may need to enter accounting records"
11,8,5,7,"every day.  Or you may need to type letters, or enter new client"
12,8,5,7,"names and addresses.  Every time you do this, you perform the same"
13,8,5,7,"steps, enter the same commands.  You enter the command to switch to"
14,8,5,7,"the proper subdirectory.  You enter the command to set the date and"
15,8,5,7,"time.  You enter the program command.  Wouldn't it be nice to enter"
16,8,5,7,"one command that would perform several steps automatically?"
SPACE,7,5
CLS,1,25,3,0
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,0
3,0,2,0,"   ████    ███   █████"
4,0,2,0,"   █   █  █   █    █  "
5,0,2,0,"   ████   █   █    █  "
6,0,2,0,"   █   █  █████    █  "
7,0,2,0,"█  ████   █   █    █  "
9,8,3,0,"BATCH files are lists of computer instructions.  They are a"
10,8,3,0,"method of simplified computer programming.  Your computer knows a"
11,8,3,0,"batch file when it sees one because the filename always has an"
12,8,3,0,"extension of .BAT."
12,21,15,0,".BAT"
SPACE,0,3
14,8,4,0,"Let's take a look at a sample BATCH file:"
16,15,5,0,"DATE"
17,15,5,0,"TIME"
18,15,5,0,"PROMPT $P$G"
19,15,5,0,"DIR/W"
SPACE,0,5
16,30,7,0,"<-- Lets you enter the date"
SPACE,0,5
17,30,7,0,"<-- Lets you enter the time"
SPACE,0,5
18,30,7,0,"<-- Sets the DOS PROMPT to show directory name"
SPACE,0,5
19,30,7,0,"<-- Displays the directory across the screen"
SPACE,0,5
CLS,1,25,3,1
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,1
3,15,2,1,"DATE"
4,15,2,1,"TIME"
5,15,2,1,"PROMPT $P$G"
6,15,2,1,"DIR/W"
8,8,3,1,"Let's imagine this batch file is called STARTUP.BAT.  We would make"
9,8,3,1,"this file operate by entering the command:  STARTUP.  Try it:"
11,8,7,1,"C>"
INPUT,2,11,10,ANY
IF,2,NOT,STARTUP,11,40,15,1,"TRY:  STARTUP"
IF,2,NOT,STARTUP,INPUT,2,11,10,EXACT,STARTUP
12,8,7,1,"C>DATE"
13,8,7,1,"Current date is Sat 3-05-1986"
14,8,7,1,"Enter new date (mm-dd-yy):"
14,60,7,1,"(Enter 03-06-86)"
INPUT,2,14,35,EXACT,03-06-86
15,8,7,1,"C>TIME"
16,8,7,1,"Current time is 16:34:58.24"
17,8,7,1,"Enter new time:"
17,60,7,1,"(Enter 16:40)"
INPUT,2,17,24,EXACT,16:40
18,8,7,1,"C>PROMPT $P$G"
19,8,7,1,"C:\TESTDIR>DIR/W"
20,8,7,1,".         ..         FILE1.DOC       FILE1.EXE      STARTUP.BAT"
21,8,7,1,"      5 File(s)     206848 bytes free"
SPACE,1,7
CLS,1,25,3,2
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,2
3,0,1,2,"BATCH FILE FUNCTIONS"
5,8,0,2,"You can execute just about ANY command from within a batch file."
6,8,0,2,"In addition, there are special BATCH COMMANDS to give you more power"
7,8,0,2,"than just normal DOS.  We'll discuss them here:"
SPACE,2,0
9,10,1,2,"ECHO OFF        Echo means the computer displays what it is"
10,10,1,2,"               doing on the screen.  ECHO OFF turns that echo"
11,10,1,2,"               off so the comptuer does what it is supposed to"
12,10,1,2,"               do without cluttering the screen"
SPACE,2,1
13,10,1,2,"GOTO area      Skips to the area indicated"
SPACE,2,1
14,10,1,2,"IF             If a condition exists, perform additional steps"
SPACE,2,1
15,10,1,2,"PAUSE          Displays PRESS ENTER and waits for you to press"
16,10,1,2,"               ENTER before continuing"
SPACE,2,1
17,10,1,2,"REM            Remark, a comment within a batch file"
SPACE,2,1
18,10,1,2,"EXIST          Checks to see if a file is present"
SPACE,2,1
19,10,1,2,"NOT            If something is NOT the case (ie IF NOT EXIST FILE)"
SPACE,2,1
20,10,1,2,":LABEL         Marks a section of the batch file (ie GOTO LABEL)"
SPACE,2,1
22,10,0,2,"There are other batch file commands, but they are seldom used."
23,10,0,2,"We will cover the commands listed above."
SPACE,2,0
CLS,1,25,3,3
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,3
3,8,0,3,"Let's consider the batch file shown here-- MOVE.BAT:"
5,22,1,3, "ECHO OFF"
6,22,1,3, "CLS"
7,22,1,3, "REM COPIES FILES FROM ONE AREA TO ANOTHER"
8,22,1,3, "REM AND THEN DELETES THE ORIGINALS."
9,22,1,3, "ECHO FILE COPIER AND DELETER"
10,22,1,3,"PAUSE"
11,22,1,3,"IF ~%2~ == ~~ GOTO END"
12,22,1,3,"IF NOT EXIST %1 GOTO END"
13,22,1,3,"COPY %1 %2"
14,22,1,3,"DEL %1"
15,22,1,3,"ECHO FILE %1 HAS BEEN COPIED"
16,22,1,3,":END"
SPACE,3,1
CLS,17,23,3,3
BOX,17,1,23,80,1,14,3
5,22,17,3,"ECHO OFF"
18,8,0,3,"ECHO OFF  tells the system to not display the batch file commands"
19,8,0,3,"as they are being performed.  For example, the second command, CLS"
20,8,0,3,"will cause the screen to clear, but the CLS command itself will not"
21,8,0,3,"be shown on the screen.  If echo was on, you would see CLS appear"
22,8,0,3,"just before the screen cleared."
SPACE,3,0
5,22,1,3,"ECHO OFF"
CLS,17,23,3,3
BOX,17,1,23,80,1,14,3
6,22,17,3,"CLS"
19,8,0,3,"This line clears the screen."
SPACE,3,0
6,22,1,3,"CLS"
CLS,17,23,3,3
BOX,17,1,23,80,1,14,3
7,22,17,3,"REM COPIES FILES FROM ONE AREA TO ANOTHER"
8,22,17,3,"REM AND THEN DELETES THE ORIGINALS"
18,8,0,3,"REM is a remark.  These two remarks tell us exactly what this"
19,8,0,3,"batch file is going to do.  It is used to make file copying"
20,8,0,3,"easier.  Instead of the command:  COPY FILE FILE2 and then"
21,8,0,3,"issuing another command  DEL FILE, we just type in"
22,8,0,3,"MOVE FILE1 FILE2 and the computer does the rest."
SPACE,0,3
7,22,1,3,"REM COPIES FILES FROM ONE AREA TO ANOTHER"
8,22,1,3,"REM AND THEN DELETES THE ORIGINALS"
CLS,17,23,3,3
BOX,17,1,23,80,1,14,3
9,22,17,3,"ECHO FILE COPIER AND DELETER"
18,8,0,3,"This line negates momentarily the ECHO OFF command and displays"
19,8,0,3,"this single instruction line to the screen."
SPACE,3,0
9,22,1,3,"ECHO FILE COPIER AND DELETER"
CLS,17,23,3,3
BOX,17,1,23,80,1,14,3
10,22,17,3,"PAUSE"
19,8,0,3,"PAUSE causes the computer to wait for you to press the ENTER"
20,8,0,3,"key before it continues with the rest of the batch file.  It will"
21,8,0,3,"display STRIKE A KEY WHEN READY as a prompt."
SPACE,3,0
10,22,1,3,"PAUSE"
CLS,17,23,3,3
BOX,17,1,23,80,1,14,3
11,22,17,3,"IF ~%2~ == ~~ GOTO END"
18,8,0,3,"%2 is a VARIABLE for the filename.  The command you gave the"
19,8,0,3,"computer was MOVE FILE1 FILE2.  When you enter the names for FILE1"
20,8,0,3,"and FILE2, the computer places those file names into holding areas,"
21,8,0,3,"VARIABLES called %1 and %2.  So in this line you are saying:"
22,8,0,3,"if the second filename = nothing  (== ~~) then GOTO the END area."
SPACE,3,0
CLS,17,23,3,3
BOX,17,1,23,80,1,14,3
18,8,0,3,"What exactly does this line do?  In short, it tells the computer"
19,8,0,3,"that if the user forgets to enter a second filename, then skip"
20,8,0,3,"the entire process and exit the batch file (GOTO END):"
21,8,0,3,"  IF FILENAME = NOTHING, STOP."
SPACE,3,0
11,22,1,3,"IF ~%2~ == ~~ GOTO END"
CLS,17,23,3,3
BOX,17,1,23,80,1,14,3
12,22,17,3,"IF NOT EXIST %1 GOTO END"
18,8,0,3,"This is somewhat similar to the previous line, but we are using two"
19,8,0,3,"new parameters, NOT and EXIST.  EXIST means: does the file exist?"
20,8,0,3,"So in effect, we are telling the computer that if the filename"
21,8,0,3,"we gave it does not exist on the disk, stop the batch file."
SPACE,3,0
12,22,1,3,"IF NOT EXIST %1 GOTO END"
CLS,17,23,3,3
BOX,17,1,23,80,1,14,3
13,22,17,3,"COPY %1 %2"
18,8,0,3,"This is a little easier.  It uses the good old COPY command, and"
19,8,0,3,"simply copies the first filename to the second filename.  So for"
20,8,0,3,"example, if we wanted to copy ACCOUNTS to ACCOUNTS.BAK we would"
21,8,0,3,"enter MOVE ACCOUNTS *.BAK.   The computer would see:"
22,0,0,3,"COPY ACCOUNTS ACCOUNTS.BAK"
SPACE,3,0
13,22,1,3,"COPY %1 %2"
CLS,17,23,3,3
BOX,17,1,23,80,1,14,3
19,8,0,3,"Did you remember that * means WILDCARD, and that"
20,8,0,3,"   COPY ACCOUNTS *.BAK is the same as COPY ACCOUNTS ACCOUNTS.BAK"
SPACE,3,0
CLS,17,23,3,3
BOX,17,1,23,80,1,14,3
14,22,17,3,"DEL %1"
18,8,0,3,"This is the DELETE command, and tells the computer to delete the"
19,8,0,3,"first file after it has been copied.  This frees up the space"
20,8,0,3,"the first file occupied so that we can use that space for new"
21,8,0,3,"information."
SPACE,3,0
14,22,1,3,"DEL %1"
CLS,17,23,3,3
BOX,17,1,23,80,1,14,3
15,22,17,3,"ECHO FILE %1 HAS BEEN COPIED"
18,8,0,3,"This line again overrides the ECHO OFF to tell us that the file"
19,8,0,3,"has been copied to the new filename.  The %1 will be displayed"
20,8,0,3,"not as %1, but as the first file name we entered:"
21,0,0,3,"FILE ACCOUNTS HAS BEEN COPIED."
SPACE,3,0
15,22,1,3,"ECHO FILE %1 HAS BEEN COPIED"
CLS,17,23,3,3
BOX,17,1,23,80,1,14,3
16,22,17,3,":END"
18,8,0,3,"This is a LABEL, an area of the batch file indicated by a name."
19,8,0,3,"This is where the batch file jumps to if we enter the filenames"
20,8,0,3,"incorrectly.  If there were any commands following this label, they"
21,8,0,3,"would be executed.  As there are no further commands, the batch"
22,8,0,3,"file simply ends."
SPACE,3,0
16,22,1,3,":END"
CLS,1,25,0,4
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,13,4
3,0,2,4,"█  █  █ █████ █████ █████ █   █      █  █████     █  █  █ █████ █████ █   █"
4,0,2,4,"█  █  █ █   █   █   █     █   █      █    █       █  █  █ █   █ █   █ █  █ "
5,0,2,4,"█  █  █ █████   █   █     █████      █    █       █  █  █ █   █ █████ ███  "
6,0,2,4,"█  █  █ █   █   █   █     █   █      █    █       █  █  █ █   █ █  █  █  █ "
7,0,2,4,"███████ █   █   █   █████ █   █      █    █       ███████ █████ █   █ █   █"
9,8,7,4,"Enter the batch file command:  MOVE MTDSALES *.OLD"
10,8,0,4,"C>"
INPUT,2,10,10,EXACT,MOVE MTDSALES *.OLD
11,8,0,4,"ECHO OFF"
CLS,1,25,0,4
3,8,0,4,"FILE COPIER AND DELETER"
4,8,0,4,"Strike a key when ready . . ."
INKEY,2,ANY
5,8,0,4,"      1 File(s) copied"
6,8,0,4,"FILE MTDSALES HAS BEEN COPIED"
8,8,0,4,"C>"
SPACE,4,0
10,0,0,4,"Do you see how it works?"
SPACE,4,0
12,22,3,4,"ECHO OFF"
13,22,3,4,"CLS"
14,22,3,4,"REM COPIES FILES FROM ONE AREA TO ANOTHER"
15,22,3,4,"REM AND THEN DELETES THE ORIGINALS."
16,22,3,4,"ECHO FILE COPIER AND DELETER"
17,22,3,4,"PAUSE"
18,22,3,4,"IF ~%2~ == ~~ GOTO END"
19,22,3,4,"IF NOT EXIST %1 GOTO END"
20,22,3,4,"COPY %1 %2"
21,22,3,4,"DEL %1"
22,22,3,4,"ECHO FILE %1 HAS BEEN COPIED"
23,22,3,4,":END"
SPACE,4,0
CLS,1,25,3,5
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,5
3,0,7,5,"█████  █████  █████  █████  █████  █  █████  █  █   █  █████"
4,0,7,5,"█   █  █   █  █   █  █        █    █  █      █  ██  █  █    "
5,0,7,5,"█████  █████  █████  █        █    █  █      █  █ █ █  █  ██"
6,0,7,5,"█      █  █   █   █  █        █    █  █      █  █  ██  █   █"
7,0,7,5,"█      █   █  █   █  █████    █    █  █████  █  █   █  █████"
9,8,0,5,"BATCH FILES are a little more complex than the rest of your DOS"
10,8,0,5,"commands.  But they also offer great power when it comes to doing"
11,8,0,5,"repetitious tasks."
SPACE,5,0
13,8,0,5,"The best way to learn how to use batch files is to practice creating"
14,8,0,5,"a few.  Experiment and see what works.  Remember that batch files"
15,8,0,5,"are mostly collections of DOS commands.  When creating a batch file,"
16,8,0,5,"you may wish to ask yourself these easy questions:"
SPACE,5,0
18,12,3,5,"1. What is this batch file supposed to do (in simple english)?"
19,12,3,5,"2. What order should the steps be to accomplish this?"
20,12,3,5,"3. What DOS commands will perform these functions?"
SPACE,5,3
CLS,1,25,3,6
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,6
3,8,0,6,"Let's create a simple batch file to list the contents of a word"
4,8,0,6,"processing subdirectory (WORDPROC).  First, ask the three questions:"
6,8,0,6,"What is this batch file supposed to do?"
SPACE,6,0
7,12,7,6,"List the contents of the word processing directory."
SPACE,6,7
9,8,0,6,"What order should the steps be to accomplish this?"
SPACE,6,0
10,12,7,6,"Turn screen echo off. Clear the screen.  List the directory."
SPACE,6,7
12,8,0,6,"What DOS commands will perform these functions?"
SPACE,6,0
13,12,7,6,"ECHO OFF       CLS       DIR"
SPACE,6,7
CLS,1,25,3,7
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,7
3,0,1,7,"COPY CON:LISTWORD.BAT"
5,8,4,7,"We will use the COPY CON: command in order to create this tiny"
6,8,4,7,"batch file.  If the file was more complex we would use the EDLIN"
7,8,4,7,"program so that we could add and delete lines as we created the"
8,8,4,7,"batch file.  For now, enter the above shown command line."
10,8,1,7,"C>"
INPUT,2,10,10,EXACT,COPY CON:LISTWORD.BAT
10,40,1,7,"Good.  Now what is the first line?"
INPUT,2,11,8,ANY
IF,2,NOT,ECHO OFF,11,40,5,7,"TRY: ECHO OFF"
IF,2,NOT,ECHO OFF,INPUT,2,11,8,EXACT,ECHO OFF
12,40,1,7,"NEXT?"
INPUT,2,12,8,ANY
IF,2,NOT,CLS,12,40,5,7,"TRY: CLS"
IF,2,NOT,CLS,INPUT,2,12,8,EXACT,CLS
13,40,1,7,"AND LASTLY..."
INPUT,2,13,8,ANY
IF,2,NOT,DIR C:\WORDPROC,13,40,5,7,"TRY: DIR C:\WORDPROC"
IF,2,NOT,DIR C:\WORDPROC,INPUT,2,13,8,EXACT,DIR C:\WORDPROC
17,8,5,7,"Now tell the computer you are finished by entering our END OF FILE"
18,8,5,7,"notation:   ^Z and ENTER."
14,8,1,7,"_"
INKEY,2,ANY
14,8,1,7,"^Z"
INKEY,2,ANY
19,0,17,7,"VERY GOOD!"
SPACE,7,1
19,0,1,7,"VERY GOOD!"
21,8,4,7,"Now, let's use our batch file.  Just enter the filename:"
22,8,1,7,"C>"
INPUT,2,22,10,ANY
IF,2,NOT,LISTWORD,22,40,5,7,"TRY:  LISTWORD"
IF,2,NOT,LISTWORD,INPUT,2,22,10,EXACT,LISTWORD
CLS,1,25,3,0
3,8,2,0,"Volume in drive C is HARDDISK"
4,8,2,0,"Directory of C:\WORDPROC"
6,8,2,0,"MYFILE    DOC  1794  01-01-88  11:09p"
7,8,2,0,"LETTER1   DOC  5721  02-13-88  12:27p"
8,8,2,0,"WXMODEM   DOC 62848  11-25-87   9:15a"
9,8,2,0,"    3 File(s)   10504192 bytes free"
10,8,2,0,"C>"
17,0,19,0,"THAT'S THE TICKET!"
SPACE,0,4
CLS,1,25,3,0
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,0
3,0,5,0,"█████  █   █  █████   ████   █████  █   █  █████  █████"
4,0,5,0,"█   █  █   █    █    █    █  █       █ █   █      █    "
5,0,5,0,"█████  █   █    █    █    █  ████     █    ████   █    "
6,0,5,0,"█   █  █   █    █    █    █  █       █ █   █      █    "
7,0,5,0,"█   █  █████    █     ████   █████  █   █  █████  █████"
9,8,2,0,"The AUTOEXEC.BAT file is another form of batch file that has one"
10,8,2,0,"function in addition to a standard batch file.  When you turn your"
11,8,2,0,"computer on, it looks for a file by the name of AUTOEXEC.BAT.  If"
12,8,2,0,"it finds one, it will automatically perform the steps that are"
13,8,2,0,"in that file."
SPACE,0,2
15,8,3,0,"What is this good for?  Well, let's imagine there are several things"
16,8,3,0,"you wish to do every time you turn on your computer:"
SPACE,0,3
18,8,6,0,"ECHO OFF"
SPACE,0,6
18,18,6,0,"CLEAR SCREEN"
SPACE,0,6
18,32,6,0,"SWITCH TO UTILITY SUBDIRECTORY"
SPACE,0,6
18,64,6,0,"SET TIME CLOCK"
SPACE,0,6
19,8,6,0,"SWITCH BACK TO MAIN DIRECTORY"
SPACE,0,6
19,40,6,0,"DISPLAY THE MAIN DIRECTORY CONTENTS"
SPACE,0,6
CLS,1,25,3,1
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,1
3,0,3,1,"Here's an AUTOEXEC.BAT file that could do it:"
5,8,7,1,"ECHO OFF"
6,8,7,1,"CLS"
7,8,7,1,"CD C:\UTIL"
8,8,7,1,"TIMER SET"
9,8,7,1,"CD C:\"
10,8,7,1,"DIR/W"
SPACE,1,7
14,8,2,1,"If you had this file on your hard disk, your computer would"
15,8,2,1,"perform these functions every time you booted it up.  Your"
16,8,2,1,"hard disk has only one AUTOEXEC.BAT file.  If you have a floppy"
17,8,2,1,"disk system, you could have a separate AUTOEXEC.BAT file on every"
18,8,2,1,"floppy disk you have."
SPACE,1,2
20,8,3,1,"The AUTOEXEC.BAT file works exactly like any other batch file; the"
21,8,3,1,"only difference is that it is executed automatically on startup."
22,8,3,1,"It makes booting of your computer system easier!"
SPACE,1,3
CLS,1,25,3,2
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,2
3,0,5,2,"█████  █████  █   █  █████  █  █████     █████  █   █  █████"
4,0,5,2,"█      █   █  ██  █  █      █  █         █      █   █  █    "
5,0,5,2,"█      █   █  █ █ █  ████   █  █  ██     █████  █████  █████"
6,0,5,2,"█      █   █  █  ██  █      █  █   █         █    █        █"
7,0,5,2,"█████  █████  █   █  █      █  █████  █  █████    █    █████"
9,8,0,2,"There is one more file that executes automatically upon booting."
10,8,0,2,"This file is called CONFIG.SYS (often referred to as CONFIG)."
11,8,0,2,"CONFIG tells your computer the manner in which it is ~put together~."
12,8,0,2,"There are some computer options that you can engage upon booting."
13,8,0,2,"These options must be activated by CONFIG.SYS."
SPACE,2,0
15,8,1,2,"CONFIG.SYS is created in the same manner as any batch file.  If you"
16,8,1,2,"own an IBM or compatible computer, chances are you already have a"
17,8,1,2,"CONFIG.SYS file on your system, especially if you have a hard disk"
18,8,1,2,"drive."
SPACE,2,1
CLS,1,25,3,3
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,3
3,8,0,3,"Let's study a sample CONFIG.SYS file and see a small example of"
4,8,0,3,"some standard CONFIG uses:"
6,12,1,3,"FILES = 20"
7,12,1,3,"BUFFERS = 30"
8,12,1,3,"DEVICE = RAMDISK 128 D"
9,12,1,3,"DEVICE = ANSI.SYS"
SPACE,3,1
CLS,11,23,3,0
BOX,11,1,23,80,2,14,0
6,12,17,3,"FILES = 20"
13,8,2,0,"Some programs require a certain number of files to be accessible"
14,8,2,0,"at the same time.  Ordinarily, DOS is intended to be able to use"
15,8,2,0,"up to four files at once.  If your program needs to use more than"
16,8,2,0,"four, you need to have this line (or a similar one) in your CONFIG"
17,8,2,0,"file.  Your program instructions will direct you as to what number"
18,8,2,0,"to use for the FILES figure."
SPACE,0,2
6,12,1,3,"FILES = 20"
CLS,11,23,3,0
BOX,11,1,23,80,2,14,0
7,12,17,3,"BUFFERS = 30"
13,8,3,0,"The BUFFERS indicator tells your computer to open up more transfer"
14,8,3,0,"space for FILE information.  Liken the FILES and BUFFERS commands"
15,8,3,0,"to building a highway.  In FILES, you are telling your highway"
16,8,3,0,"department that more automobiles are going to be driving through."
17,8,3,0,"In BUFFERS, you are telling them to build more streets to make it"
18,8,3,0,"easier for those autos to get through.  BUFFERS sets aside a certain"
19,8,3,0,"amount of RAM to be used for information transfer purposes."
SPACE,0,3
7,12,1,3,"BUFFERS = 30"
CLS,11,23,3,0
BOX,11,1,23,80,2,14,0
8,12,17,3,"DEVICE ="
9,12,17,3,"DEVICE ="
13,8,6,0,"DEVICE tells your computer that you are defining a new kind of"
14,8,6,0,"equipment or software that will extend the computer's normal"
15,8,6,0,"abilities.  It is similar to dropping a memo to your employees"
16,8,6,0,"telling them that you have installed a new photocopy machine"
17,8,6,0,"and then providing them with instructions on how to use this"
18,8,6,0,"brand new device."
SPACE,0,6
8,12,1,3,"DEVICE ="
9,12,1,3,"DEVICE ="
CLS,11,23,3,0
BOX,11,1,23,80,2,14,0
8,12,17,3,"DEVICE = RAMDISK 128 D"
13,8,4,0,"RAMDISK refers to an ~artificial~ disk drive that is made up"
14,8,4,0,"entirely of RAM.  You are literally telling your computer to set"
15,8,4,0,"aside a portion of RAM and pretend it is a disk drive.  This is"
16,8,4,0,"used primarily for specific applications which must function with"
17,8,4,0,"extreme speed.  In the above line we told the computer to set up a"
18,8,4,0,"128K ramdisk and call it drive D.  Most people do not use RAMDISK,"
19,8,4,0,"but it is nice that you can tell your computer to allow this by"
20,8,4,0,"means of the CONFIG.SYS file, isn't it?"
SPACE,0,4
8,12,1,3,"DEVICE = RAMDISK 128 D"
CLS,11,23,3,0
BOX,11,1,23,80,2,14,0
9,12,17,3,"DEVICE = ANSI.SYS"
13,8,5,0,"ANSI.SYS is a special graphics and screen control system.  It is"
14,8,5,0,"somewhat standardized among different computers.  If you have"
15,8,5,0,"ANSI capability, you can speak with other computer systems across"
16,8,5,0,"telephone lines more easily.  Some programs REQUIRE ANSI.SYS to"
17,8,5,0,"be in operation.  This line tells your computer to incorporate"
18,8,5,0,"ANSI.SYS as part of its operating processes."
SPACE,0,5
9,12,1,3,"DEVICE = ANSI.SYS"
CLS,11,23,3,0
BOX,11,1,23,80,2,14,0
13,8,7,0,"As we have stated, both AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS are executed"
14,8,7,0,"automatically when you boot your computer system.  Other batch"
15,8,7,0,"files work only when you enter their names."
SPACE,4,7
CLS,1,25,3,3
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,3
3,0,4,3,"████    ███    ████  █   █  █   █  ████ "
4,0,4,3,"█   █  █   █  █      █  █   █   █  █   █"
5,0,4,3,"████   █████  █      ███    █   █  ████ "
6,0,4,3,"█   █  █   █  █      █  █   █   █  █    "
7,0,4,3,"████   █   █   ████  █   █   ███   █    "
9,8,1,3,"Time to discuss a very important aspect of computer use... a subject"
10,8,1,3,"that is unfortunately ignored by ninety percent of personal"
11,8,1,3,"computer users.  The subject is BACKUP OF DATA."
SPACE,3,1
13,0,1,3,"As one astute advertisement puts it:"
15,20,0,3,"IT'S NOT IF YOU LOSE DATA... IT'S WHEN!!!"
15,29,16,3,"IF"
15,54,16,3,"WHEN"
SPACE,3,0
15,29,0,3,"IF"
15,54,0,3,"WHEN"
17,8,1,3,"Computer data is fragile.  It can be destroyed by many things.  Here"
18,8,1,3,"is just a PARTIAL list of things that can destroy floppy disk data:"
20,8,0,3,"HOUSE DUST      CIGARETTE SMOKE      TELEPHONE HANDSETS (MAGNET)"
21,8,0,3,"FINGERPRINTS    PAPER CLIP HOLDERS     PAPER CLIPS    CHILDREN"
22,8,0,3,"PETS     SUNLIGHT (HEAT)    ACCIDENTAL SCRATCHING      MARKING PENS"
23,8,0,3,"COFFEE CUPS    DROPPING     SITTING AROUND     CRASHED DISK DRIVE"
SPACE,3,0
CLS,1,25,3,4
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,4
3,8,3,4,"All of those things and many more have been responsible for destruction"
4,8,3,4,"of floppy disk data.  HARD DISKS can be destroyed by other things as"
5,8,3,4,"well:"
SPACE,4,1
7,8,7,4,"JOSTLING THE SYSTEM    ELECTRICAL SURGES      MECHANICAL FAILURE"
8,8,7,4,"INTENTIONAL VANDALISM     TEMPORARY COMPUTER CONFUSION"
SPACE,4,7
10,8,3,4,"With all of this working against you, it is ESSENTIAL that you back"
11,8,3,4,"up (make extra copies of) important software... be it programs or"
12,8,3,4,"data.  Here are some rules for backing up your system:"
SPACE,4,3
14,8,0,4,"1. Back up your data daily if you use your computer daily."
SPACE,4,0
15,8,0,4,"2. Never use a MASTER program disk.  Use a copy for daily work."
SPACE,4,0
16,8,0,4,"3. Never purchase important software without backup ability."
SPACE,4,0
17,8,0,4,"4. Rotate your backup media (keep several backup sets and rotate"
18,8,0,4,"   the use of those sets)."
SPACE,4,0
19,8,0,4,"5. Keep your backup and MASTER copies in a safe place (especially"
20,8,0,4,"   from theft and fire)."
SPACE,4,0
CLS,1,25,3,5
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,5
3,15,7,5,"BACKUP MEDIA"
5,0,0,5, "  █████████      ██████████████████       ████████       ████████"
6,0,0,5, "  ██o███o██      █████o██████o█████       ████████       ███▀▀███"
7,0,0,5, "  █████████      ██████████████████       ███░░███       ███▄▄███"
8,0,0,5, "                 ██████████████████       ████████       ███▌▐███"
10,0,0,5,"STREAMING TAPE      VIDEO TAPE            BERNOULLI       FLOPPY "
12,8,1,5,"There are several different types of backup media, each with its"
13,8,1,5,"advantages and disadvantages.  Let's discuss them:"
SPACE,5,1
CLS,14,24,3,0
BOX,14,1,24,80,2,14,0
15,0,7,0,"WHY BACK UP?"
16,8,3,0,"Because you are likely to spend ten times more putting data into"
17,8,3,0,"your computer than you will ever spend for the computer itself or"
18,8,3,0,"the software to run it.  A business may spend $3,000 for a computer"
19,8,3,0,"system, and then $20,000 during the first year putting data into it."
SPACE,0,3
CLS,14,24,3,0
BOX,14,1,24,80,2,14,0
15,0,7,0,"FLOPPY DISK SYSTEMS"
16,8,3,0,"Backing up a floppy disk system is easy; simply make a copy of each"
17,8,3,0,"valuable disk you own, and then update that copy each time you"
18,8,3,0,"update the normal work diskette.  Of COURSE this takes more time..."
19,8,3,0,"but not nearly as much as the time you will spend if you ever have to"
20,8,3,0,"re-enter lost data!"
SPACE,0,3
CLS,14,24,3,0
BOX,14,1,24,80,2,14,0
15,0,7,0,"STREAMING TAPE"
16,8,3,0,"Streaming tape uses a special cassette tape system to copy data from"
17,8,3,0,"a hard disk drive."
18,8,3,0,"  ADVANTAGES:  Fast.  Cassettes are small and easily portable."
19,8,3,0,"  DISADVANTAGES: Tapes are expensive and wear out annually."
SPACE,0,3
CLS,14,24,3,0
BOX,14,1,24,80,2,14,0
15,0,7,0,"VIDEO TAPE"
16,8,3,0,"This system copies hard disk data to any quality video tape machine."
17,8,3,0,"   ADVANTAGES:  Least expensive media of all backup systems."
19,8,3,0,"   DISADVANTAGES:  slower than streaming tape. "
SPACE,0,3
CLS,14,24,3,0
BOX,14,1,24,80,2,14,0
15,0,7,0,"BERNOULLI"
16,8,3,0,"A special technology that uses a replacable high-density cartridge."
17,8,3,0,"Combines hard disk with floppy disk principles."
18,8,3,0,"   ADVANTAGES:  Fast, reliable.  Almost unlimited storage."
19,8,3,0,"   DISADVANTAGES:  Cartridges very expensive.  In some instances"
20,8,3,0,"there may be some computer incompatibility.  System itself is"
21,8,3,0,"very expensive."
SPACE,0,3
CLS,14,24,3,0
BOX,14,1,24,80,2,14,0
15,0,7,0,"FLOPPY DISK"
16,8,3,0,"Your hard disk can be backed up using floppy diskettes."
17,8,3,0,"   ADVANTAGES:  Equipment already present."
18,8,3,0,"   DISADVANTAGES: It is so slow and time consuming you will probably"
19,8,3,0,"not make backups on a regular basis.  Floppy disk is not reliable"
20,8,3,0,"due to the fragile nature of floppies. Much slower than other"
21,8,3,0,"methods of backup.  Requires constant user action to change disks."
22,8,3,0,"Expensive... requires a LOT of floppy diskettes."
SPACE,0,3
CLS,1,25,3,6
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,6
3,0,7,6,"BACKUP C:\*.* A:/S"
5,8,0,6,"Since every computer user has a floppy disk, we will show you how to"
6,8,0,6,"backup your hard disk, using floppy disks as our backup media."
7,8,0,6,"However, if you have hard disk you should be using a more professional"
8,8,0,6,"method of backing up your files."
SPACE,6,0
10,8,0,6,"If you are using 360K diskettes, you will need approximately thirty"
11,8,0,6,"diskettes for every 10 megabytes of hard disk storage.  So for a"
12,8,0,6,"30 meg system, you will need approximately 100 diskettes."
SPACE,6,0
14,8,0,6,"These diskettes must be FORMATTED as data disks before you can"
15,8,0,6,"begin your backup procedure.  Because of this, your first-time floppy"
16,8,0,6,"backup session for a 30 meg disk can take an entire day.  Now you see"
17,8,0,6,"why floppy disk backup is not the best choice."
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19,8,0,6,"The standard backup command is as listed above.  The computer"
20,8,0,6,"will instruct you when to exchange diskettes.  The command basically"
21,8,0,6,"tells the computer to BACKUP from drive C:, ALL FILES (*.*) to drive"
22,8,0,6,"A:, and include all subdirectories (/S) from drive C."
SPACE,6,0
CLS,18,23,0,6
BOX,18,1,23,80,2,14,6
19,8,0,6,"We won't actually do this now, as we don't have the next 2 1/2 hours"
20,8,0,6,"to sit around waiting for it to finish.  Instead, take notes and you"
21,8,0,6,"can try it out on your own time when you're feeling masochistic."
SPACE,6,0
CLS,1,25,3,7
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,7
3,0,4,7,"BACKUP C:\*.* A:/S/A/M"
5,8,1,7,"Obviously you don't want to do this kind of thing every day.  So the"
6,8,1,7,"BACKUP command allows another function called Daily Incremental"
7,8,1,7,"Backup (you can call it DIB for short... hey, we just coined a word!)."
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9,8,1,7,"This backup command will backukp ONLY files that have been altered"
10,8,1,7,"since the last backup session.  The /A and /M added to the"
11,8,1,7,"standard backup command mean:  ADD this to the last used backup disk"
12,8,1,7,"(attach it to the end).  Use MODIFIED files only."
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14,8,1,7,"When you begin a DIB, start with the diskette LAST USED in your"
15,8,1,7,"previous backup session.  It probably still has some space left on"
16,8,1,7,"it, and the DIB session will fill up that space before continuing on"
17,8,1,7,"to another diskette.  In this way it will make the most of your"
18,8,1,7,"diskette storage space."
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20,8,1,7,"It is a good idea to NUMBER your disks sequentially so that you do"
21,8,1,7,"not lose track of them.  Oh, and in case you haven't noticed, DIB"
22,8,1,7,"requires that you have some more diskettes on hand to store the"
23,8,1,7,"modified information.  Twenty or thirty ought to do the trick."
SPACE,7,1
CLS,1,25,3,0
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,0
3,0,4,0,"RESTORE A: C:\*.* /S"
5,8,2,0,"Of course, if you back up data, you must be able to retrieve it when"
6,8,2,0,"the universe shuts down.  The RESTORE command performs this task."
7,8,2,0,"The entry shown above will restore ALL files from ALL diskettes, to be"
8,8,2,0,"taken from drive A: and restored to drive C.  The computer will"
9,8,2,0,"automatically keep track of proper subdirectory locations, even"
10,8,2,0,"creating new subdirectories if required."
SPACE,0,2
12,8,7,0,"RESTORE A: C:\subdir\filename"
14,8,5,0,"This form of the RESTORE command is used to retrieve a single file"
15,8,5,0,"or subdirectory.  Examples:"
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16,8,6,0,"   RESTORE A: C:\WORDPROC\*.*   retrieves all files in the WORDPROC"
17,8,6,0,"                                  subdirectory."
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18,8,6,0,"   RESTORE A: C:\WORDPROC\LETTER1  retrieves only the LETTER1 file."
SPACE,0,6
20,8,3,0,"Unless you know the exact location of that file on diskette, you may"
21,8,3,0,"have to feed in disk after disk until your computer finds the file"
22,8,3,0,"you have specified."
SPACE,0,3
CLS,1,25,3,0
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,14,0
7,8,2,0,"While this may all seem very complex, other forms of backup are"
8,8,2,0,"much easier to use and much more reliable than floppy disk backup."
9,8,2,0,"Your computer consultant should be able to help you install the"
10,8,2,0,"backup system that will best suit your needs."
SPACE,0,3
CLS,1,25,1,7
BOX,1,1,25,80,1,13,7
3,0,4,7,"█   █  █████  █   █  █████"
4,0,4,7,"██  █  █       █ █     █  "
5,0,4,7,"█ █ █  ████     █      █  "
6,0,4,7,"█  ██  █       █ █     █  "
7,0,4,7,"█   █  █████  █   █    █  "
10,8,1,7,"This section brings us to the end of our DOS COMMANDS section."
11,8,1,7,"In the next section we will learn how to use some of these commands"
12,8,1,7,"to make our computer operations easier to perform.  MENUING allows"
13,8,1,7,"you to call up any computer operation with ease.  We will be learning"
14,8,1,7,"how to MENUIZE our computer system.. a Drew Software specialty!"
16,8,1,7,"Press SPACE for the next session, or ESC to end."
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PROG,CT7.DAT